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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | tugəʃtmaʃ |
| Genitive: | tugəʃtmaʃən |
| Dative: | tugəʃtmaʃlan |
| Accusative: | tugəʃtmaʃəm |
| Comparative: | tugəʃtmaʃla |
| Comitative: | tugəʃtmaʃge |
| Inessive: | tugəʃtmaʃte, tugəʃtmaʃəʃte |
| Illative: | tugəʃtmaʃke, tugəʃtmaʃəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | tugəʃtmaʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | tugəʃtmaʃem |
| 2SG: | tugəʃtmaʃet |
| 3SG: | tugəʃtmaʃːe, tugəʃtmaʃəʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | tugəʃtmaʃna |
| 2PL: | tugəʃtmaʃda |
| 3PL: | tugəʃtmaʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | tugəʃtmaʃ-βlak |
| Plural (2): | tugəʃtmaʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | tugəʃtmaʃla |
| Sociative Plural: | tugəʃtmaʃmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | tugəʃtmaʃem | tugəʃtmaʃ-βlak | tugəʃtmaʃ-βlakem, tugəʃtmaʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | tugəʃtmaʃemən | tugəʃtmaʃ-βlakən | tugəʃtmaʃ-βlakemən, tugəʃtmaʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | tugəʃtmaʃemlan, tugəʃtmaʃlanem | tugəʃtmaʃ-βlaklan | tugəʃtmaʃ-βlakemlan, tugəʃtmaʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | tugəʃtmaʃeməm | tugəʃtmaʃ-βlakəm | tugəʃtmaʃ-βlakeməm, tugəʃtmaʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | tugəʃtmaʃemla, tugəʃtmaʃlam | tugəʃtmaʃ-βlakla | tugəʃtmaʃ-βlakemla, tugəʃtmaʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | tugəʃtmaʃemge | tugəʃtmaʃ-βlakge | tugəʃtmaʃ-βlakemge, tugəʃtmaʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | tugəʃtmaʃtem, tugəʃtmaʃəʃtem | tugəʃtmaʃ-βlakəʃte | tugəʃtmaʃ-βlakəʃtem, tugəʃtmaʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | tugəʃtmaʃkem, tugəʃtmaʃəʃkem | tugəʃtmaʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | tugəʃtmaʃ-βlakəʃkem, tugəʃtmaʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | tugəʃtmaʃeʃem | tugəʃtmaʃ-βlakeʃ | tugəʃtmaʃ-βlakeʃem, tugəʃtmaʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||