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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | tulka |
| Genitive: | tulkan |
| Dative: | tulkalan |
| Accusative: | tulkam |
| Comparative: | tulkala |
| Comitative: | tulkage |
| Inessive: | tulkaʃte |
| Illative: | tulkaʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | tulkaʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | tulkam |
| 2SG: | tulkat |
| 3SG: | tulkaʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | tulkana |
| 2PL: | tulkada |
| 3PL: | tulkaʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | tulka-βlak |
| Plural (2): | tulka-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | tulkala |
| Sociative Plural: | tulkamət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | tulkam | tulka-βlak | tulka-βlakem, tulkam-βlak |
| Genitive: | tulkamən | tulka-βlakən | tulka-βlakemən, tulkam-βlakən |
| Dative: | tulkamlan, tulkalanem | tulka-βlaklan | tulka-βlakemlan, tulkam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | tulkaməm | tulka-βlakəm | tulka-βlakeməm, tulkam-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | tulkamla, tulkalam | tulka-βlakla | tulka-βlakemla, tulkam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | tulkamge | tulka-βlakge | tulka-βlakemge, tulkam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | tulkaʃtem | tulka-βlakəʃte | tulka-βlakəʃtem, tulkam-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | tulkaʃkem | tulka-βlakəʃ(ke) | tulka-βlakəʃkem, tulkam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | tulkaʃem | tulka-βlakeʃ | tulka-βlakeʃem, tulkam-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||