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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | tuma |
| Genitive: | tuman |
| Dative: | tumalan |
| Accusative: | tumam |
| Comparative: | tumala |
| Comitative: | tumage |
| Inessive: | tumašte |
| Illative: | tumaš(ke) |
| Lative: | tumaš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | tumam |
| 2SG: | tumat |
| 3SG: | tumaž(e) |
| 1PL: | tumana |
| 2PL: | tumada |
| 3PL: | tumašt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | tuma-βlak |
| Plural (2): | tuma-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | tumala |
| Sociative Plural: | tumamə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | tumam | tuma-βlak | tuma-βlakem, tumam-βlak |
| Genitive: | tumamə̑n | tuma-βlakə̑n | tuma-βlakemə̑n, tumam-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | tumamlan, tumalanem | tuma-βlaklan | tuma-βlakemlan, tumam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | tumamə̑m | tuma-βlakə̑m | tuma-βlakemə̑m, tumam-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | tumamla, tumalam | tuma-βlakla | tuma-βlakemla, tumam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | tumamge | tuma-βlakge | tuma-βlakemge, tumam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | tumaštem | tuma-βlakə̑šte | tuma-βlakə̑štem, tumam-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | tumaškem | tuma-βlakə̑š(ke) | tuma-βlakə̑škem, tumam-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | tumašem | tuma-βlakeš | tuma-βlakešem, tumam-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||