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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | tumna |
| Genitive: | tumnan |
| Dative: | tumnalan |
| Accusative: | tumnam |
| Comparative: | tumnala |
| Comitative: | tumnage |
| Inessive: | tumnaʃte |
| Illative: | tumnaʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | tumnaʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | tumnam |
| 2SG: | tumnat |
| 3SG: | tumnaʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | tumnana |
| 2PL: | tumnada |
| 3PL: | tumnaʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | tumna-βlak |
| Plural (2): | tumna-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | tumnala |
| Sociative Plural: | tumnamət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | tumnam | tumna-βlak | tumna-βlakem, tumnam-βlak |
| Genitive: | tumnamən | tumna-βlakən | tumna-βlakemən, tumnam-βlakən |
| Dative: | tumnamlan, tumnalanem | tumna-βlaklan | tumna-βlakemlan, tumnam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | tumnaməm | tumna-βlakəm | tumna-βlakeməm, tumnam-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | tumnamla, tumnalam | tumna-βlakla | tumna-βlakemla, tumnam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | tumnamge | tumna-βlakge | tumna-βlakemge, tumnam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | tumnaʃtem | tumna-βlakəʃte | tumna-βlakəʃtem, tumnam-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | tumnaʃkem | tumna-βlakəʃ(ke) | tumna-βlakəʃkem, tumnam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | tumnaʃem | tumna-βlakeʃ | tumna-βlakeʃem, tumnam-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||