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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | tuna |
| Genitive: | tunan |
| Dative: | tunalan |
| Accusative: | tunam |
| Comparative: | tunala |
| Comitative: | tunage |
| Inessive: | tunaʃte |
| Illative: | tunaʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | tunaʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | tunam |
| 2SG: | tunat |
| 3SG: | tunaʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | tunana |
| 2PL: | tunada |
| 3PL: | tunaʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | tuna-βlak |
| Plural (2): | tuna-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | tunala |
| Sociative Plural: | tunamət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | tunam | tuna-βlak | tuna-βlakem, tunam-βlak |
| Genitive: | tunamən | tuna-βlakən | tuna-βlakemən, tunam-βlakən |
| Dative: | tunamlan, tunalanem | tuna-βlaklan | tuna-βlakemlan, tunam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | tunaməm | tuna-βlakəm | tuna-βlakeməm, tunam-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | tunamla, tunalam | tuna-βlakla | tuna-βlakemla, tunam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | tunamge | tuna-βlakge | tuna-βlakemge, tunam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | tunaʃtem | tuna-βlakəʃte | tuna-βlakəʃtem, tunam-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | tunaʃkem | tuna-βlakəʃ(ke) | tuna-βlakəʃkem, tunam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | tunaʃem | tuna-βlakeʃ | tuna-βlakeʃem, tunam-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||