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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | tuńka |
| Genitive: | tuńkan |
| Dative: | tuńkalan |
| Accusative: | tuńkam |
| Comparative: | tuńkala |
| Comitative: | tuńkage |
| Inessive: | tuńkašte |
| Illative: | tuńkaš(ke) |
| Lative: | tuńkaš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | tuńkam |
| 2SG: | tuńkat |
| 3SG: | tuńkaž(e) |
| 1PL: | tuńkana |
| 2PL: | tuńkada |
| 3PL: | tuńkašt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | tuńka-βlak |
| Plural (2): | tuńka-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | tuńkala |
| Sociative Plural: | tuńkamə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | tuńkam | tuńka-βlak | tuńka-βlakem, tuńkam-βlak |
| Genitive: | tuńkamə̑n | tuńka-βlakə̑n | tuńka-βlakemə̑n, tuńkam-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | tuńkamlan, tuńkalanem | tuńka-βlaklan | tuńka-βlakemlan, tuńkam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | tuńkamə̑m | tuńka-βlakə̑m | tuńka-βlakemə̑m, tuńkam-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | tuńkamla, tuńkalam | tuńka-βlakla | tuńka-βlakemla, tuńkam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | tuńkamge | tuńka-βlakge | tuńka-βlakemge, tuńkam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | tuńkaštem | tuńka-βlakə̑šte | tuńka-βlakə̑štem, tuńkam-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | tuńkaškem | tuńka-βlakə̑š(ke) | tuńka-βlakə̑škem, tuńkam-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | tuńkašem | tuńka-βlakeš | tuńka-βlakešem, tuńkam-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||