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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | tup |
| Genitive: | tupən |
| Dative: | tuplan |
| Accusative: | tupəm |
| Comparative: | tupla |
| Comitative: | tupge |
| Inessive: | tupəʃto |
| Illative: | tupəʃ(ko) |
| Lative: | tupeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | tupem |
| 2SG: | tupet |
| 3SG: | tupʃo |
| 1PL: | tupna |
| 2PL: | tupda |
| 3PL: | tupəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | tup-βlak |
| Plural (2): | tup-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | tupla |
| Sociative Plural: | tupmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | tupem | tup-βlak | tup-βlakem, tupem-βlak |
| Genitive: | tupemən | tup-βlakən | tup-βlakemən, tupem-βlakən |
| Dative: | tupemlan, tuplanem | tup-βlaklan | tup-βlakemlan, tupem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | tupeməm | tup-βlakəm | tup-βlakeməm, tupem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | tupemla, tuplam | tup-βlakla | tup-βlakemla, tupem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | tupemge | tup-βlakge | tup-βlakemge, tupem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | tupəʃtem | tup-βlakəʃte | tup-βlakəʃtem, tupem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | tupəʃkem | tup-βlakəʃ(ke) | tup-βlakəʃkem, tupem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | tupeʃem | tup-βlakeʃ | tup-βlakeʃem, tupem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||