Paradigm Generator
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Paradigm Generator

   ● Nominal ○ Verb ○ Postposition
Orthography: ○ Cyrillic ● UPA ○ IPA

You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.


Case Suffixes

Nominative:tupan
Genitive:tupanə̑n
Dative:tupanlan
Accusative:tupanə̑m
Comparative:tupanla
Comitative:tupange
Inessive:tupanə̑šte
Illative:tupanə̑š(ke)
Lative:tupaneš

Possessive Suffixes

1SG:tupanem
2SG:tupanet
3SG:tupanže
1PL:tupanna
2PL:tupanda
3PL:tupanə̑št

Number Suffixes

Plural (1):tupan-βlak
Plural (2):tupan-šamə̑č́
Short Plural:tupanla
Sociative Plural:tupanmə̑t

Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)

For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.

CaseCx + PxCx + NxCx + Px + Nx
Nominative:tupanemtupan-βlaktupan-βlakem,
tupanem-βlak
Genitive:tupanemə̑ntupan-βlakə̑ntupan-βlakemə̑n,
tupanem-βlakə̑n
Dative:tupanemlan,
tupanlanem
tupan-βlaklantupan-βlakemlan,
tupanem-βlaklan
Accusative:tupanemə̑mtupan-βlakə̑mtupan-βlakemə̑m,
tupanem-βlakə̑m
Comparative:tupanemla,
tupanlam
tupan-βlaklatupan-βlakemla,
tupanem-βlakla
Comitative:tupanemgetupan-βlakgetupan-βlakemge,
tupanem-βlakge
Inessive:tupanə̑štemtupan-βlakə̑štetupan-βlakə̑štem,
tupanem-βlakə̑šte
Illative:tupanə̑škemtupan-βlakə̑š(ke)tupan-βlakə̑škem,
tupanem-βlakə̑š(ke)
Lative:tupanešemtupan-βlakeštupan-βlakešem,
tupanem-βlakeš


Last update: 10 August 2023