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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | tupan |
| Genitive: | tupanən |
| Dative: | tupanlan |
| Accusative: | tupanəm |
| Comparative: | tupanla |
| Comitative: | tupange |
| Inessive: | tupanəʃte |
| Illative: | tupanəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | tupaneʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | tupanem |
| 2SG: | tupanet |
| 3SG: | tupanʒe |
| 1PL: | tupanːa |
| 2PL: | tupanda |
| 3PL: | tupanəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | tupan-βlak |
| Plural (2): | tupan-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | tupanla |
| Sociative Plural: | tupanmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | tupanem | tupan-βlak | tupan-βlakem, tupanem-βlak |
| Genitive: | tupanemən | tupan-βlakən | tupan-βlakemən, tupanem-βlakən |
| Dative: | tupanemlan, tupanlanem | tupan-βlaklan | tupan-βlakemlan, tupanem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | tupaneməm | tupan-βlakəm | tupan-βlakeməm, tupanem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | tupanemla, tupanlam | tupan-βlakla | tupan-βlakemla, tupanem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | tupanemge | tupan-βlakge | tupan-βlakemge, tupanem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | tupanəʃtem | tupan-βlakəʃte | tupan-βlakəʃtem, tupanem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | tupanəʃkem | tupan-βlakəʃ(ke) | tupan-βlakəʃkem, tupanem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | tupaneʃem | tupan-βlakeʃ | tupan-βlakeʃem, tupanem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||