Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | tupkam | om tupka |
| 2SG: | tupkat | ot tupka |
| 3SG: | tupkaš | ok/ogeš tupka |
| 1PL: | tupkaə̑na | ona/ogə̑na tupka |
| 2PL: | tupkaə̑da | oda/ogə̑da tupka |
| 3PL: | tupkaə̑t | ogə̑t tupka |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | tupkaə̑m | šə̑m tupka |
| 2SG: | tupkaə̑č́ | šə̑č́ tupka |
| 3SG: | tupkaje | ə̑š tupka |
| 1PL: | tupkana | ə̑šna tupka |
| 2PL: | tupkada | ə̑šda tupka |
| 3PL: | tupkaə̑č́ | ə̑št tupka |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | tupkaə̑nam | tupkaə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | tupkaə̑nat | tupkaə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | tupkaə̑n | tupkaə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | tupkaə̑nna | tupkaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | tupkaə̑nda | tupkaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | tupkaə̑nə̑t | tupkaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | tupkam ə̑l'e | om tupka ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | tupkat ə̑l'e | ot tupka ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | tupkaš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš tupka ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | tupkaə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na tupka ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | tupkaə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da tupka ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | tupkaə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t tupka ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | tupkam ulmaš | om tupka ulmaš |
| 2SG: | tupkat ulmaš | ot tupka ulmaš |
| 3SG: | tupkaš ulmaš | ok/ogeš tupka ulmaš |
| 1PL: | tupkaə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na tupka ulmaš |
| 2PL: | tupkaə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da tupka ulmaš |
| 3PL: | tupkaə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t tupka ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | tupkaə̑nam ə̑l'e | tupkaə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | tupkaə̑nat ə̑l'e | tupkaə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | tupkaə̑n ə̑l'e | tupkaə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | tupkaə̑nna ə̑l'e | tupkaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | tupkaə̑nda ə̑l'e | tupkaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | tupkaə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | tupkaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | tupkaə̑nam ulmaš | tupkaə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | tupkaə̑nat ulmaš | tupkaə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | tupkaə̑n ulmaš | tupkaə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | tupkaə̑nna ulmaš | tupkaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | tupkaə̑nda ulmaš | tupkaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | tupkaə̑nə̑t ulmaš | tupkaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | tupka | it tupka |
| 3SG: | tupkaže | ə̑nže tupka |
| 1PL: | (tupkaə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na tupka) |
| 2PL: | tupkaza | ida tupka |
| 3PL: | tupkašt | ə̑nə̑št tupka |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | tupkanem | ə̑nem tupka |
| 2SG: | tupkanet | ə̑net tupka |
| 3SG: | tupkaneže | ə̑než tupka |
| 1PL: | tupkanena | ə̑nena tupka |
| 2PL: | tupkaneda | ə̑neda tupka |
| 3PL: | tupkanešt | ə̑nešt tupka |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | tupkanem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem tupka ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | tupkanena ə̑l'e | ə̑net tupka ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | tupkaneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než tupka ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | tupkanena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena tupka ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | tupkaneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda tupka ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | tupkanešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt tupka ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | tupkanet ulmaš | ə̑net tupka ulmaš |
| 3SG: | tupkaneže ulmaš | ə̑než tupka ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | tupkaneda ulmaš | ə̑neda tupka ulmaš |
| 3PL: | tupkanešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt tupka ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | tupkaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | tupkaman |
| Active participle: | tupkaše |
| Passive participle: | tupkame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | tupkašaš |
| Negative participle: | tupkadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | tupkaə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | tupkade |
| Gerund of prior action: | tupkamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | tupkameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | tupkašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | tupkamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | tupkadə̑maš |
