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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | tupoŋa |
| Genitive: | tupoŋan |
| Dative: | tupoŋalan |
| Accusative: | tupoŋam |
| Comparative: | tupoŋala |
| Comitative: | tupoŋage |
| Inessive: | tupoŋašte |
| Illative: | tupoŋaš(ke) |
| Lative: | tupoŋaš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | tupoŋam |
| 2SG: | tupoŋat |
| 3SG: | tupoŋaž(e) |
| 1PL: | tupoŋana |
| 2PL: | tupoŋada |
| 3PL: | tupoŋašt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | tupoŋa-βlak |
| Plural (2): | tupoŋa-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | tupoŋala |
| Sociative Plural: | tupoŋamə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | tupoŋam | tupoŋa-βlak | tupoŋa-βlakem, tupoŋam-βlak |
| Genitive: | tupoŋamə̑n | tupoŋa-βlakə̑n | tupoŋa-βlakemə̑n, tupoŋam-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | tupoŋamlan, tupoŋalanem | tupoŋa-βlaklan | tupoŋa-βlakemlan, tupoŋam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | tupoŋamə̑m | tupoŋa-βlakə̑m | tupoŋa-βlakemə̑m, tupoŋam-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | tupoŋamla, tupoŋalam | tupoŋa-βlakla | tupoŋa-βlakemla, tupoŋam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | tupoŋamge | tupoŋa-βlakge | tupoŋa-βlakemge, tupoŋam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | tupoŋaštem | tupoŋa-βlakə̑šte | tupoŋa-βlakə̑štem, tupoŋam-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | tupoŋaškem | tupoŋa-βlakə̑š(ke) | tupoŋa-βlakə̑škem, tupoŋam-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | tupoŋašem | tupoŋa-βlakeš | tupoŋa-βlakešem, tupoŋam-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||