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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | tupoŋa |
| Genitive: | tupoŋan |
| Dative: | tupoŋalan |
| Accusative: | tupoŋam |
| Comparative: | tupoŋala |
| Comitative: | tupoŋage |
| Inessive: | tupoŋaʃte |
| Illative: | tupoŋaʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | tupoŋaʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | tupoŋam |
| 2SG: | tupoŋat |
| 3SG: | tupoŋaʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | tupoŋana |
| 2PL: | tupoŋada |
| 3PL: | tupoŋaʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | tupoŋa-βlak |
| Plural (2): | tupoŋa-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | tupoŋala |
| Sociative Plural: | tupoŋamət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | tupoŋam | tupoŋa-βlak | tupoŋa-βlakem, tupoŋam-βlak |
| Genitive: | tupoŋamən | tupoŋa-βlakən | tupoŋa-βlakemən, tupoŋam-βlakən |
| Dative: | tupoŋamlan, tupoŋalanem | tupoŋa-βlaklan | tupoŋa-βlakemlan, tupoŋam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | tupoŋaməm | tupoŋa-βlakəm | tupoŋa-βlakeməm, tupoŋam-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | tupoŋamla, tupoŋalam | tupoŋa-βlakla | tupoŋa-βlakemla, tupoŋam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | tupoŋamge | tupoŋa-βlakge | tupoŋa-βlakemge, tupoŋam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | tupoŋaʃtem | tupoŋa-βlakəʃte | tupoŋa-βlakəʃtem, tupoŋam-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | tupoŋaʃkem | tupoŋa-βlakəʃ(ke) | tupoŋa-βlakəʃkem, tupoŋam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | tupoŋaʃem | tupoŋa-βlakeʃ | tupoŋa-βlakeʃem, tupoŋam-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||