Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | turgakam | om turgak |
| 2SG: | turgakat | ot turgak |
| 3SG: | turgakeš | ok/ogeš turgak |
| 1PL: | turgakə̑na | ona/ogə̑na turgak |
| 2PL: | turgakə̑da | oda/ogə̑da turgak |
| 3PL: | turgakə̑t | ogə̑t turgak |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | turgakə̑m | šə̑m turgak |
| 2SG: | turgakə̑č́ | šə̑č́ turgak |
| 3SG: | turgake | ə̑š turgak |
| 1PL: | turgakna | ə̑šna turgak |
| 2PL: | turgakda | ə̑šda turgak |
| 3PL: | turgakə̑č́ | ə̑št turgak |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | turgakə̑nam | turgakə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | turgakə̑nat | turgakə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | turgakə̑n | turgakə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | turgakə̑nna | turgakə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | turgakə̑nda | turgakə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | turgakə̑nə̑t | turgakə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | turgakam ə̑l'e | om turgak ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | turgakat ə̑l'e | ot turgak ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | turgakeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš turgak ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | turgakə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na turgak ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | turgakə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da turgak ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | turgakə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t turgak ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | turgakam ulmaš | om turgak ulmaš |
| 2SG: | turgakat ulmaš | ot turgak ulmaš |
| 3SG: | turgakeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš turgak ulmaš |
| 1PL: | turgakə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na turgak ulmaš |
| 2PL: | turgakə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da turgak ulmaš |
| 3PL: | turgakə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t turgak ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | turgakə̑nam ə̑l'e | turgakə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | turgakə̑nat ə̑l'e | turgakə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | turgakə̑n ə̑l'e | turgakə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | turgakə̑nna ə̑l'e | turgakə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | turgakə̑nda ə̑l'e | turgakə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | turgakə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | turgakə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | turgakə̑nam ulmaš | turgakə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | turgakə̑nat ulmaš | turgakə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | turgakə̑n ulmaš | turgakə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | turgakə̑nna ulmaš | turgakə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | turgakə̑nda ulmaš | turgakə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | turgakə̑nə̑t ulmaš | turgakə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | turgak | it turgak |
| 3SG: | turgakše | ə̑nže turgak |
| 1PL: | (turgakə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na turgak) |
| 2PL: | turgaksa | ida turgak |
| 3PL: | turgakə̑št | ə̑nə̑št turgak |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | turgaknem | ə̑nem turgak |
| 2SG: | turgaknet | ə̑net turgak |
| 3SG: | turgakneže | ə̑než turgak |
| 1PL: | turgaknena | ə̑nena turgak |
| 2PL: | turgakneda | ə̑neda turgak |
| 3PL: | turgaknešt | ə̑nešt turgak |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | turgaknem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem turgak ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | turgaknena ə̑l'e | ə̑net turgak ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | turgakneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než turgak ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | turgaknena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena turgak ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | turgakneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda turgak ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | turgaknešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt turgak ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | turgaknet ulmaš | ə̑net turgak ulmaš |
| 3SG: | turgakneže ulmaš | ə̑než turgak ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | turgakneda ulmaš | ə̑neda turgak ulmaš |
| 3PL: | turgaknešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt turgak ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | turgakaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | turgakman |
| Active participle: | turgakše |
| Passive participle: | turgakme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | turgakšaš |
| Negative participle: | turgakdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | turgakə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | turgakde |
| Gerund of prior action: | turgakmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | turgakmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | turgakšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | turgakmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | turgakdə̑maš |
