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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | tušman |
| Genitive: | tušmanə̑n |
| Dative: | tušmanlan |
| Accusative: | tušmanə̑m |
| Comparative: | tušmanla |
| Comitative: | tušmange |
| Inessive: | tušmanə̑šte |
| Illative: | tušmanə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | tušmaneš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | tušmanem |
| 2SG: | tušmanet |
| 3SG: | tušmanže |
| 1PL: | tušmanna |
| 2PL: | tušmanda |
| 3PL: | tušmanə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | tušman-βlak |
| Plural (2): | tušman-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | tušmanla |
| Sociative Plural: | tušmanmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | tušmanem | tušman-βlak | tušman-βlakem, tušmanem-βlak |
| Genitive: | tušmanemə̑n | tušman-βlakə̑n | tušman-βlakemə̑n, tušmanem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | tušmanemlan, tušmanlanem | tušman-βlaklan | tušman-βlakemlan, tušmanem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | tušmanemə̑m | tušman-βlakə̑m | tušman-βlakemə̑m, tušmanem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | tušmanemla, tušmanlam | tušman-βlakla | tušman-βlakemla, tušmanem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | tušmanemge | tušman-βlakge | tušman-βlakemge, tušmanem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | tušmanə̑štem | tušman-βlakə̑šte | tušman-βlakə̑štem, tušmanem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | tušmanə̑škem | tušman-βlakə̑š(ke) | tušman-βlakə̑škem, tušmanem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | tušmanešem | tušman-βlakeš | tušman-βlakešem, tušmanem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||