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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | tuŋgəran |
| Genitive: | tuŋgəranən |
| Dative: | tuŋgəranlan |
| Accusative: | tuŋgəranəm |
| Comparative: | tuŋgəranla |
| Comitative: | tuŋgərange |
| Inessive: | tuŋgəranəʃte |
| Illative: | tuŋgəranəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | tuŋgəraneʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | tuŋgəranem |
| 2SG: | tuŋgəranet |
| 3SG: | tuŋgəranʒe |
| 1PL: | tuŋgəranːa |
| 2PL: | tuŋgəranda |
| 3PL: | tuŋgəranəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | tuŋgəran-βlak |
| Plural (2): | tuŋgəran-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | tuŋgəranla |
| Sociative Plural: | tuŋgəranmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | tuŋgəranem | tuŋgəran-βlak | tuŋgəran-βlakem, tuŋgəranem-βlak |
| Genitive: | tuŋgəranemən | tuŋgəran-βlakən | tuŋgəran-βlakemən, tuŋgəranem-βlakən |
| Dative: | tuŋgəranemlan, tuŋgəranlanem | tuŋgəran-βlaklan | tuŋgəran-βlakemlan, tuŋgəranem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | tuŋgəraneməm | tuŋgəran-βlakəm | tuŋgəran-βlakeməm, tuŋgəranem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | tuŋgəranemla, tuŋgəranlam | tuŋgəran-βlakla | tuŋgəran-βlakemla, tuŋgəranem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | tuŋgəranemge | tuŋgəran-βlakge | tuŋgəran-βlakemge, tuŋgəranem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | tuŋgəranəʃtem | tuŋgəran-βlakəʃte | tuŋgəran-βlakəʃtem, tuŋgəranem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | tuŋgəranəʃkem | tuŋgəran-βlakəʃ(ke) | tuŋgəran-βlakəʃkem, tuŋgəranem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | tuŋgəraneʃem | tuŋgəran-βlakeʃ | tuŋgəran-βlakeʃem, tuŋgəranem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||