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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | tufʎo |
| Genitive: | tufʎən |
| Dative: | tufʎəlan |
| Accusative: | tufʎəm |
| Comparative: | tufʎəla |
| Comitative: | tufʎəge |
| Inessive: | tufʎəʃto |
| Illative: | tufʎəʃ(ko) |
| Lative: | tufʎeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | tufʎem |
| 2SG: | tufʎet |
| 3SG: | tufʎəʒ(o) |
| 1PL: | tufʎəna |
| 2PL: | tufʎəda |
| 3PL: | tufʎəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | tufʎo-βlak |
| Plural (2): | tufʎo-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | tufʎəla |
| Sociative Plural: | tufʎəmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | tufʎem | tufʎo-βlak | tufʎo-βlakem, tufʎem-βlak |
| Genitive: | tufʎemən | tufʎo-βlakən | tufʎo-βlakemən, tufʎem-βlakən |
| Dative: | tufʎemlan, tufʎəlanem | tufʎo-βlaklan | tufʎo-βlakemlan, tufʎem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | tufʎeməm | tufʎo-βlakəm | tufʎo-βlakeməm, tufʎem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | tufʎemla, tufʎəlam | tufʎo-βlakla | tufʎo-βlakemla, tufʎem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | tufʎemge | tufʎo-βlakge | tufʎo-βlakemge, tufʎem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | tufʎəʃtem | tufʎo-βlakəʃte | tufʎo-βlakəʃtem, tufʎem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | tufʎəʃkem | tufʎo-βlakəʃ(ke) | tufʎo-βlakəʃkem, tufʎem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | tufʎeʃem | tufʎo-βlakeʃ | tufʎo-βlakeʃem, tufʎem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||