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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | tøpas |
| Genitive: | tøpasən |
| Dative: | tøpaslan |
| Accusative: | tøpasəm |
| Comparative: | tøpasla |
| Comitative: | tøpasge |
| Inessive: | tøpasəʃte |
| Illative: | tøpasəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | tøpaseʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | tøpasem |
| 2SG: | tøpaset |
| 3SG: | tøpasʃe |
| 1PL: | tøpasna |
| 2PL: | tøpasda |
| 3PL: | tøpasəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | tøpas-βlak |
| Plural (2): | tøpas-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | tøpasla |
| Sociative Plural: | tøpasmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | tøpasem | tøpas-βlak | tøpas-βlakem, tøpasem-βlak |
| Genitive: | tøpasemən | tøpas-βlakən | tøpas-βlakemən, tøpasem-βlakən |
| Dative: | tøpasemlan, tøpaslanem | tøpas-βlaklan | tøpas-βlakemlan, tøpasem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | tøpaseməm | tøpas-βlakəm | tøpas-βlakeməm, tøpasem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | tøpasemla, tøpaslam | tøpas-βlakla | tøpas-βlakemla, tøpasem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | tøpasemge | tøpas-βlakge | tøpas-βlakemge, tøpasem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | tøpasəʃtem | tøpas-βlakəʃte | tøpas-βlakəʃtem, tøpasem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | tøpasəʃkem | tøpas-βlakəʃ(ke) | tøpas-βlakəʃkem, tøpasem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | tøpaseʃem | tøpas-βlakeʃ | tøpas-βlakeʃem, tøpasem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||