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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | tøpəra |
| Genitive: | tøpəran |
| Dative: | tøpəralan |
| Accusative: | tøpəram |
| Comparative: | tøpərala |
| Comitative: | tøpərage |
| Inessive: | tøpəraʃte |
| Illative: | tøpəraʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | tøpəraʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | tøpəram |
| 2SG: | tøpərat |
| 3SG: | tøpəraʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | tøpərana |
| 2PL: | tøpərada |
| 3PL: | tøpəraʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | tøpəra-βlak |
| Plural (2): | tøpəra-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | tøpərala |
| Sociative Plural: | tøpəramət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | tøpəram | tøpəra-βlak | tøpəra-βlakem, tøpəram-βlak |
| Genitive: | tøpəramən | tøpəra-βlakən | tøpəra-βlakemən, tøpəram-βlakən |
| Dative: | tøpəramlan, tøpəralanem | tøpəra-βlaklan | tøpəra-βlakemlan, tøpəram-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | tøpəraməm | tøpəra-βlakəm | tøpəra-βlakeməm, tøpəram-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | tøpəramla, tøpəralam | tøpəra-βlakla | tøpəra-βlakemla, tøpəram-βlakla |
| Comitative: | tøpəramge | tøpəra-βlakge | tøpəra-βlakemge, tøpəram-βlakge |
| Inessive: | tøpəraʃtem | tøpəra-βlakəʃte | tøpəra-βlakəʃtem, tøpəram-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | tøpəraʃkem | tøpəra-βlakəʃ(ke) | tøpəra-βlakəʃkem, tøpəram-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | tøpəraʃem | tøpəra-βlakeʃ | tøpəra-βlakeʃem, tøpəram-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||