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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | töšak |
| Genitive: | töšakə̑n |
| Dative: | töšaklan |
| Accusative: | töšakə̑m |
| Comparative: | töšakla |
| Comitative: | töšakge |
| Inessive: | töšakə̑šte |
| Illative: | töšakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | töšakeš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | töšakem |
| 2SG: | töšaket |
| 3SG: | töšakše |
| 1PL: | töšakna |
| 2PL: | töšakda |
| 3PL: | töšakə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | töšak-βlak |
| Plural (2): | töšak-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | töšakla |
| Sociative Plural: | töšakmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | töšakem | töšak-βlak | töšak-βlakem, töšakem-βlak |
| Genitive: | töšakemə̑n | töšak-βlakə̑n | töšak-βlakemə̑n, töšakem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | töšakemlan, töšaklanem | töšak-βlaklan | töšak-βlakemlan, töšakem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | töšakemə̑m | töšak-βlakə̑m | töšak-βlakemə̑m, töšakem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | töšakemla, töšaklam | töšak-βlakla | töšak-βlakemla, töšakem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | töšakemge | töšak-βlakge | töšak-βlakemge, töšakem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | töšakə̑štem | töšak-βlakə̑šte | töšak-βlakə̑štem, töšakem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | töšakə̑škem | töšak-βlakə̑š(ke) | töšak-βlakə̑škem, töšakem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | töšakešem | töšak-βlakeš | töšak-βlakešem, töšakem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||