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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | usta |
| Genitive: | ustan |
| Dative: | ustalan |
| Accusative: | ustam |
| Comparative: | ustala |
| Comitative: | ustage |
| Inessive: | ustašte |
| Illative: | ustaš(ke) |
| Lative: | ustaš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | ustam |
| 2SG: | ustat |
| 3SG: | ustaž(e) |
| 1PL: | ustana |
| 2PL: | ustada |
| 3PL: | ustašt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | usta-βlak |
| Plural (2): | usta-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | ustala |
| Sociative Plural: | ustamə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | ustam | usta-βlak | usta-βlakem, ustam-βlak |
| Genitive: | ustamə̑n | usta-βlakə̑n | usta-βlakemə̑n, ustam-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | ustamlan, ustalanem | usta-βlaklan | usta-βlakemlan, ustam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | ustamə̑m | usta-βlakə̑m | usta-βlakemə̑m, ustam-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | ustamla, ustalam | usta-βlakla | usta-βlakemla, ustam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | ustamge | usta-βlakge | usta-βlakemge, ustam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | ustaštem | usta-βlakə̑šte | usta-βlakə̑štem, ustam-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | ustaškem | usta-βlakə̑š(ke) | usta-βlakə̑škem, ustam-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | ustašem | usta-βlakeš | usta-βlakešem, ustam-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||