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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | ustaβ |
| Genitive: | ustaβən |
| Dative: | ustaβlan |
| Accusative: | ustaβəm |
| Comparative: | ustaβla |
| Comitative: | ustaβge |
| Inessive: | ustaβəʃte |
| Illative: | ustaβəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | ustaβeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | ustaβem |
| 2SG: | ustaβet |
| 3SG: | ustaβʃe |
| 1PL: | ustaβna |
| 2PL: | ustaβda |
| 3PL: | ustaβəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | ustaβ-βlak |
| Plural (2): | ustaβ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | ustaβla |
| Sociative Plural: | ustaβmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | ustaβem | ustaβ-βlak | ustaβ-βlakem, ustaβem-βlak |
| Genitive: | ustaβemən | ustaβ-βlakən | ustaβ-βlakemən, ustaβem-βlakən |
| Dative: | ustaβemlan, ustaβlanem | ustaβ-βlaklan | ustaβ-βlakemlan, ustaβem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | ustaβeməm | ustaβ-βlakəm | ustaβ-βlakeməm, ustaβem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | ustaβemla, ustaβlam | ustaβ-βlakla | ustaβ-βlakemla, ustaβem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | ustaβemge | ustaβ-βlakge | ustaβ-βlakemge, ustaβem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | ustaβəʃtem | ustaβ-βlakəʃte | ustaβ-βlakəʃtem, ustaβem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | ustaβəʃkem | ustaβ-βlakəʃ(ke) | ustaβ-βlakəʃkem, ustaβem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | ustaβeʃem | ustaβ-βlakeʃ | ustaβ-βlakeʃem, ustaβem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||