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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | cirkul' |
| Genitive: | cirkul'ə̑n |
| Dative: | cirkul'lan |
| Accusative: | cirkul'ə̑m |
| Comparative: | cirkul'la |
| Comitative: | cirkul'ge |
| Inessive: | cirkul'ə̑što |
| Illative: | cirkul'ə̑š(ko) |
| Lative: | cirkul'eš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | cirkul'em |
| 2SG: | cirkul'et |
| 3SG: | cirkul'žo |
| 1PL: | cirkul'na |
| 2PL: | cirkul'da |
| 3PL: | cirkul'ə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | cirkul'-βlak |
| Plural (2): | cirkul'-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | cirkul'la |
| Sociative Plural: | cirkul'mə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | cirkul'em | cirkul'-βlak | cirkul'-βlakem, cirkul'em-βlak |
| Genitive: | cirkul'emə̑n | cirkul'-βlakə̑n | cirkul'-βlakemə̑n, cirkul'em-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | cirkul'emlan, cirkul'lanem | cirkul'-βlaklan | cirkul'-βlakemlan, cirkul'em-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | cirkul'emə̑m | cirkul'-βlakə̑m | cirkul'-βlakemə̑m, cirkul'em-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | cirkul'emla, cirkul'lam | cirkul'-βlakla | cirkul'-βlakemla, cirkul'em-βlakla |
| Comitative: | cirkul'emge | cirkul'-βlakge | cirkul'-βlakemge, cirkul'em-βlakge |
| Inessive: | cirkul'ə̑štem | cirkul'-βlakə̑šte | cirkul'-βlakə̑štem, cirkul'em-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | cirkul'ə̑škem | cirkul'-βlakə̑š(ke) | cirkul'-βlakə̑škem, cirkul'em-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | cirkul'ešem | cirkul'-βlakeš | cirkul'-βlakešem, cirkul'em-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||