Paradigm Generator
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Paradigm Generator

   ● Nominal ○ Verb ○ Postposition
Orthography: ○ Cyrillic ○ UPA ● IPA

You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.

Case Suffixes

Nominative:t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃ
Genitive:t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃən
Dative:t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃlan
Accusative:t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃəm
Comparative:t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃla
Comitative:t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃge
Inessive:t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃto,
t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃəʃto
Illative:t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃko,
t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃəʃ(ko)
Lative:t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃeʃ

Possessive Suffixes

1SG:t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃem
2SG:t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃet
3SG:t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃːo,
t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃəʒ(o)
1PL:t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃna
2PL:t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃda
3PL:t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃəʃt

Number Suffixes

Plural (1):t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃ-βlak
Plural (2):t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ
Short Plural:t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃla
Sociative Plural:t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃmət

Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)

For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.

CaseCx + PxCx + NxCx + Px + Nx
Nominative:t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃemt͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃ-βlakt͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃ-βlakem,
t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃem-βlak
Genitive:t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃemənt͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃ-βlakənt͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃ-βlakemən,
t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃem-βlakən
Dative:t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃemlan,
t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃlanem		t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃ-βlaklant͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃ-βlakemlan,
t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃem-βlaklan
Accusative:t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃeməmt͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃ-βlakəmt͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃ-βlakeməm,
t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃem-βlakəm
Comparative:t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃemla,
t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃlam		t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃ-βlaklat͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃ-βlakemla,
t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃem-βlakla
Comitative:t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃemget͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃ-βlakget͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃ-βlakemge,
t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃem-βlakge
Inessive:t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃtem,
t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃəʃtem		t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃ-βlakəʃtet͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃ-βlakəʃtem,
t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃem-βlakəʃte
Illative:t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃkem,
t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃəʃkem		t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃ-βlakəʃ(ke)t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃ-βlakəʃkem,
t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃem-βlakəʃ(ke)
Lative:t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃeʃemt͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃ-βlakeʃt͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃ-βlakeʃem,
t͡ɕes-kot͡ɕkəʃem-βlakeʃ


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Last update: 10 August 2023