Paradigm Generator
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Paradigm Generator

   ● Nominal ○ Verb ○ Postposition
Orthography: ○ Cyrillic ● UPA ○ IPA

You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.


Case Suffixes

Nominative:šapalge-joškarge
Genitive:šapalge-joškargə̑n
Dative:šapalge-joškargə̑lan
Accusative:šapalge-joškargə̑m
Comparative:šapalge-joškargə̑la
Comitative:šapalge-joškargə̑ge
Inessive:šapalge-joškargə̑šte
Illative:šapalge-joškargə̑š(ke)
Lative:šapalge-joškargeš

Possessive Suffixes

1SG:šapalge-joškargem
2SG:šapalge-joškarget
3SG:šapalge-joškargə̑ž(e)
1PL:šapalge-joškargə̑na
2PL:šapalge-joškargə̑da
3PL:šapalge-joškargə̑št

Number Suffixes

Plural (1):šapalge-joškarge-βlak
Plural (2):šapalge-joškarge-šamə̑č́
Short Plural:šapalge-joškargə̑la
Sociative Plural:šapalge-joškargə̑mə̑t

Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)

For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.

CaseCx + PxCx + NxCx + Px + Nx
Nominative:šapalge-joškargemšapalge-joškarge-βlakšapalge-joškarge-βlakem,
šapalge-joškargem-βlak
Genitive:šapalge-joškargemə̑nšapalge-joškarge-βlakə̑nšapalge-joškarge-βlakemə̑n,
šapalge-joškargem-βlakə̑n
Dative:šapalge-joškargemlan,
šapalge-joškargə̑lanem
šapalge-joškarge-βlaklanšapalge-joškarge-βlakemlan,
šapalge-joškargem-βlaklan
Accusative:šapalge-joškargemə̑mšapalge-joškarge-βlakə̑mšapalge-joškarge-βlakemə̑m,
šapalge-joškargem-βlakə̑m
Comparative:šapalge-joškargemla,
šapalge-joškargə̑lam
šapalge-joškarge-βlaklašapalge-joškarge-βlakemla,
šapalge-joškargem-βlakla
Comitative:šapalge-joškargemgešapalge-joškarge-βlakgešapalge-joškarge-βlakemge,
šapalge-joškargem-βlakge
Inessive:šapalge-joškargə̑štemšapalge-joškarge-βlakə̑štešapalge-joškarge-βlakə̑štem,
šapalge-joškargem-βlakə̑šte
Illative:šapalge-joškargə̑škemšapalge-joškarge-βlakə̑š(ke)šapalge-joškarge-βlakə̑škem,
šapalge-joškargem-βlakə̑š(ke)
Lative:šapalge-joškargešemšapalge-joškarge-βlakeššapalge-joškarge-βlakešem,
šapalge-joškargem-βlakeš


Last update: 10 August 2023