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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | šapka |
| Genitive: | šapkan |
| Dative: | šapkalan |
| Accusative: | šapkam |
| Comparative: | šapkala |
| Comitative: | šapkage |
| Inessive: | šapkašte |
| Illative: | šapkaš(ke) |
| Lative: | šapkaš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | šapkam |
| 2SG: | šapkat |
| 3SG: | šapkaž(e) |
| 1PL: | šapkana |
| 2PL: | šapkada |
| 3PL: | šapkašt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | šapka-βlak |
| Plural (2): | šapka-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | šapkala |
| Sociative Plural: | šapkamə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | šapkam | šapka-βlak | šapka-βlakem, šapkam-βlak |
| Genitive: | šapkamə̑n | šapka-βlakə̑n | šapka-βlakemə̑n, šapkam-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | šapkamlan, šapkalanem | šapka-βlaklan | šapka-βlakemlan, šapkam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | šapkamə̑m | šapka-βlakə̑m | šapka-βlakemə̑m, šapkam-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | šapkamla, šapkalam | šapka-βlakla | šapka-βlakemla, šapkam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | šapkamge | šapka-βlakge | šapka-βlakemge, šapkam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | šapkaštem | šapka-βlakə̑šte | šapka-βlakə̑štem, šapkam-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | šapkaškem | šapka-βlakə̑š(ke) | šapka-βlakə̑škem, šapkam-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | šapkašem | šapka-βlakeš | šapka-βlakešem, šapkam-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||