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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | šapke |
| Genitive: | šapkə̑n |
| Dative: | šapkə̑lan |
| Accusative: | šapkə̑m |
| Comparative: | šapkə̑la |
| Comitative: | šapkə̑ge |
| Inessive: | šapkə̑šte |
| Illative: | šapkə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | šapkeš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | šapkem |
| 2SG: | šapket |
| 3SG: | šapkə̑ž(e) |
| 1PL: | šapkə̑na |
| 2PL: | šapkə̑da |
| 3PL: | šapkə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | šapke-βlak |
| Plural (2): | šapke-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | šapkə̑la |
| Sociative Plural: | šapkə̑mə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | šapkem | šapke-βlak | šapke-βlakem, šapkem-βlak |
| Genitive: | šapkemə̑n | šapke-βlakə̑n | šapke-βlakemə̑n, šapkem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | šapkemlan, šapkə̑lanem | šapke-βlaklan | šapke-βlakemlan, šapkem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | šapkemə̑m | šapke-βlakə̑m | šapke-βlakemə̑m, šapkem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | šapkemla, šapkə̑lam | šapke-βlakla | šapke-βlakemla, šapkem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | šapkemge | šapke-βlakge | šapke-βlakemge, šapkem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | šapkə̑štem | šapke-βlakə̑šte | šapke-βlakə̑štem, šapkem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | šapkə̑škem | šapke-βlakə̑š(ke) | šapke-βlakə̑škem, šapkem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | šapkešem | šapke-βlakeš | šapke-βlakešem, šapkem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||