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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | ʃapke |
Genitive: | ʃapkən |
Dative: | ʃapkəlan |
Accusative: | ʃapkəm |
Comparative: | ʃapkəla |
Comitative: | ʃapkəge |
Inessive: | ʃapkəʃte |
Illative: | ʃapkəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | ʃapkeʃ |
1SG: | ʃapkem |
2SG: | ʃapket |
3SG: | ʃapkəʒ(e) |
1PL: | ʃapkəna |
2PL: | ʃapkəda |
3PL: | ʃapkəʃt |
Plural (1): | ʃapke-βlak |
Plural (2): | ʃapke-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | ʃapkəla |
Sociative Plural: | ʃapkəmət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | ʃapkem | ʃapke-βlak | ʃapke-βlakem, ʃapkem-βlak |
Genitive: | ʃapkemən | ʃapke-βlakən | ʃapke-βlakemən, ʃapkem-βlakən |
Dative: | ʃapkemlan, ʃapkəlanem | ʃapke-βlaklan | ʃapke-βlakemlan, ʃapkem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | ʃapkeməm | ʃapke-βlakəm | ʃapke-βlakeməm, ʃapkem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | ʃapkemla, ʃapkəlam | ʃapke-βlakla | ʃapke-βlakemla, ʃapkem-βlakla |
Comitative: | ʃapkemge | ʃapke-βlakge | ʃapke-βlakemge, ʃapkem-βlakge |
Inessive: | ʃapkəʃtem | ʃapke-βlakəʃte | ʃapke-βlakəʃtem, ʃapkem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | ʃapkəʃkem | ʃapke-βlakəʃ(ke) | ʃapke-βlakəʃkem, ʃapkem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | ʃapkeʃem | ʃapke-βlakeʃ | ʃapke-βlakeʃem, ʃapkem-βlakeʃ |
The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
Last update: 10 August 2023 |