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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | šaŋgə̑se |
| Genitive: | šaŋgə̑sə̑n |
| Dative: | šaŋgə̑sə̑lan |
| Accusative: | šaŋgə̑sə̑m |
| Comparative: | šaŋgə̑sə̑la |
| Comitative: | šaŋgə̑sə̑ge |
| Inessive: | šaŋgə̑sə̑šte |
| Illative: | šaŋgə̑sə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | šaŋgə̑seš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | šaŋgə̑sem |
| 2SG: | šaŋgə̑set |
| 3SG: | šaŋgə̑sə̑ž(e) |
| 1PL: | šaŋgə̑sə̑na |
| 2PL: | šaŋgə̑sə̑da |
| 3PL: | šaŋgə̑sə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | šaŋgə̑se-βlak |
| Plural (2): | šaŋgə̑se-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | šaŋgə̑sə̑la |
| Sociative Plural: | šaŋgə̑sə̑mə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | šaŋgə̑sem | šaŋgə̑se-βlak | šaŋgə̑se-βlakem, šaŋgə̑sem-βlak |
| Genitive: | šaŋgə̑semə̑n | šaŋgə̑se-βlakə̑n | šaŋgə̑se-βlakemə̑n, šaŋgə̑sem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | šaŋgə̑semlan, šaŋgə̑sə̑lanem | šaŋgə̑se-βlaklan | šaŋgə̑se-βlakemlan, šaŋgə̑sem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | šaŋgə̑semə̑m | šaŋgə̑se-βlakə̑m | šaŋgə̑se-βlakemə̑m, šaŋgə̑sem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | šaŋgə̑semla, šaŋgə̑sə̑lam | šaŋgə̑se-βlakla | šaŋgə̑se-βlakemla, šaŋgə̑sem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | šaŋgə̑semge | šaŋgə̑se-βlakge | šaŋgə̑se-βlakemge, šaŋgə̑sem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | šaŋgə̑sə̑štem | šaŋgə̑se-βlakə̑šte | šaŋgə̑se-βlakə̑štem, šaŋgə̑sem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | šaŋgə̑sə̑škem | šaŋgə̑se-βlakə̑š(ke) | šaŋgə̑se-βlakə̑škem, šaŋgə̑sem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | šaŋgə̑sešem | šaŋgə̑se-βlakeš | šaŋgə̑se-βlakešem, šaŋgə̑sem-βlakeš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||