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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | ʃʎapan |
| Genitive: | ʃʎapanən |
| Dative: | ʃʎapanlan |
| Accusative: | ʃʎapanəm |
| Comparative: | ʃʎapanla |
| Comitative: | ʃʎapange |
| Inessive: | ʃʎapanəʃte |
| Illative: | ʃʎapanəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | ʃʎapaneʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | ʃʎapanem |
| 2SG: | ʃʎapanet |
| 3SG: | ʃʎapanʒe |
| 1PL: | ʃʎapanːa |
| 2PL: | ʃʎapanda |
| 3PL: | ʃʎapanəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | ʃʎapan-βlak |
| Plural (2): | ʃʎapan-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | ʃʎapanla |
| Sociative Plural: | ʃʎapanmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | ʃʎapanem | ʃʎapan-βlak | ʃʎapan-βlakem, ʃʎapanem-βlak |
| Genitive: | ʃʎapanemən | ʃʎapan-βlakən | ʃʎapan-βlakemən, ʃʎapanem-βlakən |
| Dative: | ʃʎapanemlan, ʃʎapanlanem | ʃʎapan-βlaklan | ʃʎapan-βlakemlan, ʃʎapanem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | ʃʎapaneməm | ʃʎapan-βlakəm | ʃʎapan-βlakeməm, ʃʎapanem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | ʃʎapanemla, ʃʎapanlam | ʃʎapan-βlakla | ʃʎapan-βlakemla, ʃʎapanem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | ʃʎapanemge | ʃʎapan-βlakge | ʃʎapan-βlakemge, ʃʎapanem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | ʃʎapanəʃtem | ʃʎapan-βlakəʃte | ʃʎapan-βlakəʃtem, ʃʎapanem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | ʃʎapanəʃkem | ʃʎapan-βlakəʃ(ke) | ʃʎapan-βlakəʃkem, ʃʎapanem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | ʃʎapaneʃem | ʃʎapan-βlakeʃ | ʃʎapan-βlakeʃem, ʃʎapanem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||