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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | əʃtəʃ |
Genitive: | əʃtəʃən |
Dative: | əʃtəʃlan |
Accusative: | əʃtəʃəm |
Comparative: | əʃtəʃla |
Comitative: | əʃtəʃge |
Inessive: | əʃtəʃte, əʃtəʃəʃte |
Illative: | əʃtəʃke, əʃtəʃəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | əʃtəʃeʃ |
1SG: | əʃtəʃem |
2SG: | əʃtəʃet |
3SG: | əʃtəʃːe, əʃtəʃəʒ(e) |
1PL: | əʃtəʃna |
2PL: | əʃtəʃda |
3PL: | əʃtəʃəʃt |
Plural (1): | əʃtəʃ-βlak |
Plural (2): | əʃtəʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | əʃtəʃla |
Sociative Plural: | əʃtəʃmət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | əʃtəʃem | əʃtəʃ-βlak | əʃtəʃ-βlakem, əʃtəʃem-βlak |
Genitive: | əʃtəʃemən | əʃtəʃ-βlakən | əʃtəʃ-βlakemən, əʃtəʃem-βlakən |
Dative: | əʃtəʃemlan, əʃtəʃlanem | əʃtəʃ-βlaklan | əʃtəʃ-βlakemlan, əʃtəʃem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | əʃtəʃeməm | əʃtəʃ-βlakəm | əʃtəʃ-βlakeməm, əʃtəʃem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | əʃtəʃemla, əʃtəʃlam | əʃtəʃ-βlakla | əʃtəʃ-βlakemla, əʃtəʃem-βlakla |
Comitative: | əʃtəʃemge | əʃtəʃ-βlakge | əʃtəʃ-βlakemge, əʃtəʃem-βlakge |
Inessive: | əʃtəʃtem, əʃtəʃəʃtem | əʃtəʃ-βlakəʃte | əʃtəʃ-βlakəʃtem, əʃtəʃem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | əʃtəʃkem, əʃtəʃəʃkem | əʃtəʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | əʃtəʃ-βlakəʃkem, əʃtəʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | əʃtəʃeʃem | əʃtəʃ-βlakeʃ | əʃtəʃ-βlakeʃem, əʃtəʃem-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 10 August 2023 |