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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | esap |
| Genitive: | esapən |
| Dative: | esaplan |
| Accusative: | esapəm |
| Comparative: | esapla |
| Comitative: | esapge |
| Inessive: | esapəʃte |
| Illative: | esapəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | esapeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | esapem |
| 2SG: | esapet |
| 3SG: | esapʃe |
| 1PL: | esapna |
| 2PL: | esapda |
| 3PL: | esapəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | esap-βlak |
| Plural (2): | esap-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | esapla |
| Sociative Plural: | esapmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | esapem | esap-βlak | esap-βlakem, esapem-βlak |
| Genitive: | esapemən | esap-βlakən | esap-βlakemən, esapem-βlakən |
| Dative: | esapemlan, esaplanem | esap-βlaklan | esap-βlakemlan, esapem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | esapeməm | esap-βlakəm | esap-βlakeməm, esapem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | esapemla, esaplam | esap-βlakla | esap-βlakemla, esapem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | esapemge | esap-βlakge | esap-βlakemge, esapem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | esapəʃtem | esap-βlakəʃte | esap-βlakəʃtem, esapem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | esapəʃkem | esap-βlakəʃ(ke) | esap-βlakəʃkem, esapem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | esapeʃem | esap-βlakeʃ | esap-βlakeʃem, esapem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||