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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | üpšan |
| Genitive: | üpšanə̑n |
| Dative: | üpšanlan |
| Accusative: | üpšanə̑m |
| Comparative: | üpšanla |
| Comitative: | üpšange |
| Inessive: | üpšanə̑šte |
| Illative: | üpšanə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | üpšaneš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | üpšanem |
| 2SG: | üpšanet |
| 3SG: | üpšanže |
| 1PL: | üpšanna |
| 2PL: | üpšanda |
| 3PL: | üpšanə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | üpšan-βlak |
| Plural (2): | üpšan-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | üpšanla |
| Sociative Plural: | üpšanmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | üpšanem | üpšan-βlak | üpšan-βlakem, üpšanem-βlak |
| Genitive: | üpšanemə̑n | üpšan-βlakə̑n | üpšan-βlakemə̑n, üpšanem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | üpšanemlan, üpšanlanem | üpšan-βlaklan | üpšan-βlakemlan, üpšanem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | üpšanemə̑m | üpšan-βlakə̑m | üpšan-βlakemə̑m, üpšanem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | üpšanemla, üpšanlam | üpšan-βlakla | üpšan-βlakemla, üpšanem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | üpšanemge | üpšan-βlakge | üpšan-βlakemge, üpšanem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | üpšanə̑štem | üpšan-βlakə̑šte | üpšan-βlakə̑štem, üpšanem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | üpšanə̑škem | üpšan-βlakə̑š(ke) | üpšan-βlakə̑škem, üpšanem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | üpšanešem | üpšan-βlakeš | üpšan-βlakešem, üpšanem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||